As skilled labour enters or leaves a region, it changes the ways that farmers can run their farms. For example, in areas with labour shortages, there can be a trend towards increased automation, land abandonment, or excessive use of technical interventions such as pesticide application. Regions that rely on immigrant labour are vulnerable to political changes, such as Brexit, that can change the availability of seasonal workers.

Led by FiBL this case will study the effects of international migration and the rural exodus on biodiversity using participatory system dynamics modelling, in particular causal loop diagrams and stakeholder dialogues with participants throughout the EU.